As a result, efforts are being made to develop a culture-sensitive therapy (Prochaska & Norcross, 1999)-one that recognizes, for example, that the white middle-class cultural outlook from which most therapists operate (prizing individual choice, self-sufficiency, independence) is not necessarily embraced by all ethnic groups with which those therapists come into contact. Language, norms, values, ideals, customs, music, and food preferences are all largely determined by cultural factors (Cuellar & Glazer, 1996).Īs family therapists have attempted in recent years to apply existing therapy models to previously underserved cultural groups, 5 they have also had to gain greater awareness of their own cultural background and values and to examine the possible impact of these factors in pathologizing ethnic minority families whose values, gender roles, discipline practices, forms of emotional expression, and so forth, are different from theirs or those of the majority culture (Fontes & Thomas, 1996). Culture- shared, learned knowledge, attitudes, and behavior transmitted from one generation to the next-affects families in a variety of ways, some trivial, others central to their functioning. Just as an appreciation of gender is essential in gaining a fuller picture of a family’s organization, so too understanding families requires a grasp of the cultural context (race, ethnic group membership, religion, social class, sexual orientation) in which that family functions and the subsequent cultural norms by which it lives. MULTICULTURAL AND CULTURE -SPECIFIC CONSIDERATIONS Haddock, Zimmerman, and Lyness (2003) have developed a useful Power Equity Guide for training and therapeutic purposes, summarizing the major goals and themes that characterize a gender-informed approach to therapy. Examples of gendersensitive therapeutic techniques are offered by Philpot, Brooks, Lusterman, and Nutt (1997), four family therapists with differing theoretical orientations who describe how each goes about bridging the separate gender worlds of men and women.
She maintains that the family as a whole can be more effectively empowered if its members work through their assumptions about what is possible for each of them, freely choosing the life-free of role stereotyping-that makes sense to them. Have an opportunity to perceive and overcome social and political barriers. Family Therapies: A Comparative Overview.Family Theories: A Comparative Overview.Evidence-Based Family Therapy: Some Closing Comments.Family Therapy Process and Outcome Research.Qualitative and Quantitative Research Methodologies.Therapeutic Ceremonies, Letters, and Leagues.Self-Narratives and Cultural Narratives.
Poststructuralism and Deconstructionism.The Post-Milan Link to the Postmodern View.The Impact of the Postmodern Revolution.Behaviorally Influenced Forms of Family Therapy.A Growing Eclecticism: The Cognitive Connection.Strategic Family Therapy (Haley and Madanes).The Human Validation Process Model (Satir).Symbolic-Experiential Family Therapy (Whitaker).Eight Interlocking Theoretical Concepts.Studies of Schizophrenia and the Family.Beyond the Family System: Ecosystemic Analysis.Some Characteristics of a Family System.Multicultural and Culture-Specific Considerations.Gender Issues in Families and Family Therapy.Changing Families, Changing Relationships.
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